@article {ben-joseph_crystallization_2023,
	title = {Crystallization of Coccolith Calcite at Different Life-Cycle Phases Exhibits Distinct Degrees of Cellular Confinement},
	journal = {Small Structures},
	volume = {n/a},
	number = {n/a},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sstr.202200353},
	pages = {2200353},
	abstract = {Coccolithophores are a group of unicellular marine algae that shape global geochemical cycles via the production of calcium carbonate crystals. Interestingly, different life-cycle phases of the same coccolithophore species produce very different calcitic scales, called coccoliths. In the widely studied diploid phase, the crystals have anisotropic and complex morphologies, while haploid cells produce coccoliths consisting solely of calcite crystals with simple rhombohedral morphology. Understanding how these two life-cycle phases control crystallization is a highly sought-after goal, yet, haploid phase crystallization has rarely been studied, and the process by which they form is unknown. Herein, advanced electron microscopy is employed to elucidate the cellular architecture of the calcification process in haploid cells. The results show that in contrast to diploid-phase calcification, the coccolith-forming vesicle of haploid-phase cells is voluminous. In this solution-like environment, the crystals nucleate and grow asynchronously in a process that resembles calcite growth in bulk solution, leading to the simple morphologies of the crystals. The two distinct mineralization regimes of coccolithophore life-cycle phases suggest that cellular architecture, and specifically confinement of the crystallization process, is a pivotal determinant of biomineral morphology and assembly.},
	keywords = {biomineralization, calcites, Coccoliths, crystal growths, haploid{\textendash}diploid life cycles, RCC1181, RCC3777},
	issn = {2688-4062},
	doi = {10.1002/sstr.202200353},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sstr.202200353},
	author = {Ben-Joseph, Oz and de Haan, Diede and Rechav, Katya and Shimoni, Eyal and Levin-Zaidman, Smadar and Langer, Gerald and Probert, Ian and Wheeler, Glen L. and Gal, Assaf}
}
@article {sucheras-marx_coccolith_2022,
	title = {Coccolith size rules {\textendash} What controls the size of coccoliths during coccolithogenesis?},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {170},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {102080},
	abstract = {Heterococcoliths are calcite platelets produced inside diploid coccolithophore cells and extruded to form a covering on the cell surface called a coccosphere. The size of coccoliths is an important parameter sometimes used to identify species, and it is observed to be influenced in extant species by abiotic parameters (e.g., CO2, light). However, the variable distribution of coccolith sizes occurring within a single coccosphere questions the mechanisms controlling coccolith size. A relationship between cell/coccosphere size and mean coccolith size was previously identified, called the {\textquotedblleft}coccolithophore size rules{\textquotedblright}. In this study, we query the mechanisms controlling the size of a coccolith during coccolithogenesis. A culture experiment on Gephyrocapsa huxleyi strain RCC1216 shows that coccolithogenesis occurs during the cell growth G1 interphase and newly produced coccoliths get bigger as the cell grows. These observations provide parameters for the development of two numerical models used to simulate the coccolith size distribution within a coccolithophore population. Neither model can accurately reproduce an empirical monoclonal coccolith size distribution, indicating that additional factors influence coccolith size. According to our results, coccolith size is only clearly related to cell size at the time of its formation. We confirm that application of the coccolithophore size rules model should be limited to inferring average cell dimensions from (fossil) coccolith biometry, and that comparisons are valid only in multipopulational studies. The coccolith size rule model {\textendash} the constraining effect of coccolith production during G1 interphase cell growth on coccolith size {\textendash} proposed here is applicable only for some placolith-forming species.},
	keywords = {Biometry, coccolith, coccolithophore, life cycle, RCC1216, Size variation},
	issn = {0377-8398},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marmicro.2021.102080},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377839821001213},
	author = {Such{\'e}ras-Marx, Baptiste and Viseur, Sophie and Walker, Charlotte E. and Beaufort, Luc and Probert, Ian and Bolton, Clara}
}
@inbook {Paredes2021,
	title = {Cryopreservation of algae},
	booktitle = {Cryopreservation and freeze-drying protocols},
	volume = {2180},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {607{\textendash}621},
	publisher = {Springer Science+Business Media, LLC},
	organization = {Springer Science+Business Media, LLC},
	keywords = {cryopreservation, macroalgae, Microalgae},
	isbn = {978-1-07-160783-1},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-0716-0783-1_32},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-0716-0783-1_32},
	author = {Paredes, Estefania and Ward, Angela and Probert, Ian and Gouhier, L{\'e}na and Campbell, Christine N.},
	editor = {Wolkers, Willem F. and Oldenhof, Harriette}
}
@article {Ribeiro2020,
	title = {Culturable diversity of Arctic phytoplankton during pack ice melting},
	journal = {Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	note = {tex.mendeley-tags: RCC5197,RCC5198,RCC5199,RCC5200,RCC5201,RCC5202,RCC5203,RCC5204,RCC5205,RCC5206,RCC5207,RCC5208,RCC5209,RCC5210,RCC5211,RCC5212,RCC5213,RCC5214,RCC5215,RCC5216,RCC5217,RCC5218,RCC5219,RCC5220,RCC5221,RCC5222,RCC5223,RCC5224,RCC5225,RCC5226,RCC5227,RCC5228,RCC5229,RCC5230,RCC5231,RCC5232,RCC5233,RCC5234,RCC5235,RCC5236,RCC5237,RCC5238,RCC5239,RCC5240,RCC5241,RCC5242,RCC5243,RCC5244,RCC5245,RCC5246,RCC5247,RCC5248,RCC5249,RCC5250,RCC5251,RCC5252,RCC5253,RCC5254,RCC5255,RCC5256,RCC5257,RCC5258,RCC5259,RCC5260,RCC5261,RCC5262,RCC5263,RCC5264,RCC5265,RCC5266,RCC5267,RCC5268,RCC5269,RCC5270,RCC5271,RCC5272,RCC5273,RCC5274,RCC5275,RCC5276,RCC5277,RCC5278,RCC5279,RCC5280,RCC5281,RCC5282,RCC5283,RCC5284,RCC5285,RCC5286,RCC5287,RCC5288,RCC5289,RCC5290,RCC5291,RCC5292,RCC5293,RCC5294,RCC5295,RCC5296,RCC5297,RCC5298,RCC5299,RCC5300,RCC5301,RCC5302,RCC5303,RCC5304,RCC5305,RCC5306,RCC5307,RCC5308,RCC5309,RCC5310,RCC5311,RCC5312,RCC5313,RCC5314,RCC5315,RCC5316,RCC5317,RCC5318,RCC5319,RCC5320,RCC5321,RCC5322,RCC5323,RCC5324,RCC5325,RCC5326,RCC5327,RCC5328,RCC5329,RCC5330,RCC5331,RCC5332,RCC5333,RCC5334,RCC5335,RCC5336,RCC5337,RCC5338,RCC5339,RCC5340,RCC5341,RCC5342,RCC5343,RCC5344,RCC5345,RCC5346,RCC5347,RCC5348,RCC5349,RCC5350,RCC5351,RCC5352,RCC5353,RCC5354,RCC5355,RCC5356,RCC5357,RCC5358,RCC5359,RCC5360,RCC5361,RCC5362,RCC5363,RCC5364,RCC5365,RCC5366,RCC5367,RCC5368,RCC5369,RCC5370,RCC5371,RCC5372,RCC5373,RCC5374,RCC5375,RCC5376,RCC5377,RCC5378,RCC5379,RCC5380,RCC5381,RCC5382,RCC5383,RCC5384,RCC5385,RCC5386,RCC5387,RCC5388,RCC5389,RCC5390,RCC5391,RCC5392,RCC5393,RCC5394,RCC5395,RCC5396,RCC5397,RCC5398,RCC5399,RCC5400,RCC5401,RCC5402,RCC5403,RCC5404,RCC5405,RCC5406,RCC5407,RCC5408,RCC5409,RCC5410,RCC5411,RCC5412,RCC5413,RCC5414,RCC5415,RCC5416,RCC5417,RCC5418,RCC5419,RCC5420,RCC5421,RCC5422,RCC5423,RCC5424,RCC5425,RCC5426,RCC5427,RCC5428,RCC5429,RCC5430,RCC5431,RCC5432,RCC5433,RCC5434,RCC5435,RCC5436,RCC5437,RCC5438,RCC5439,RCC5440,RCC5441,RCC5442,RCC5443,RCC5444,RCC5445,RCC5446,RCC5447,RCC5448,RCC5449,RCC5450,RCC5451,RCC5452,RCC5453,RCC5454,RCC5455,RCC5456,RCC5457,RCC5458,RCC5459,RCC5460,RCC5461,RCC5462,RCC5463,RCC5464,RCC5465,RCC5466,RCC5467,RCC5468,RCC5469,RCC5470,RCC5471,RCC5472,RCC5473,RCC5474,RCC5475,RCC5476,RCC5477,RCC5478,RCC5479,RCC5480,RCC5481,RCC5482,RCC5483,RCC5484,RCC5485,RCC5486,RCC5487,RCC5488,RCC5489,RCC5490,RCC5491,RCC5492,RCC5493,RCC5494,RCC5495,RCC5496,RCC5497,RCC5498,RCC5499,RCC5500,RCC5501,RCC5502,RCC5503,RCC5504,RCC5505,RCC5506,RCC5507,RCC5508,RCC5509,RCC5510,RCC5511,RCC5512,RCC5513,RCC5514,RCC5515,RCC5516,RCC5517,RCC5518,RCC5519,RCC5520,RCC5521,RCC5522,RCC5523,RCC5524,RCC5525,RCC5526,RCC5527,RCC5528,RCC5529,RCC5530,RCC5531,RCC5532,RCC5533,RCC5534,RCC5535,RCC5536,RCC5537,RCC5538,RCC5539,RCC5540,RCC5541,RCC5542,RCC5543,RCC5544,RCC5545,RCC5546,RCC5547,RCC5548,RCC5549,RCC5550,RCC5551,RCC5552,RCC5553,RCC5554,RCC5555,RCC5556,RCC5557,RCC5558,RCC5559,RCC5560,RCC5561,RCC5562,RCC5563,RCC5564,RCC5565,RCC5566,RCC5567,RCC5568,RCC5569,RCC5570,RCC5571,RCC5572,RCC5573,RCC5574,RCC5575,RCC5576,RCC5577,RCC5578,RCC5579,RCC5580,RCC5581,RCC5582,RCC5583,RCC5584,RCC5585,RCC5586,RCC5587,RCC5588,RCC5589,RCC5590,RCC5591,RCC5592,RCC5593,RCC5594,RCC5595,RCC5596,RCC5597,RCC5598,RCC5599,RCC5600,RCC5601,RCC5602,RCC5603,RCC5604,RCC5605,RCC5606,RCC5607,RCC5608,RCC5609,RCC5610,RCC5611,RCC5612},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {6},
	abstract = {Massive phytoplankton blooms develop at the Arctic ice edge, sometimes extending far under the pack ice. An extensive culturing effort was conducted before and during a phytoplankton bloom in Baffin Bay between April and July 2016. Different isolation strategies were applied, including flow cytometry cell sorting, manual single cell pipetting and serial dilution. Although all three techniques yielded the most common organisms, each technique retrieved specific taxa, highlighting the importance of using several methods to maximize the number and diversity of isolated strains. More than 1,000 cultures were obtained, characterized by 18S rRNA sequencing and optical microscopy and de-replicated to a subset of 276 strains presented in this work. Strains grouped into 57 genotypes defined by 100\% 18S rRNA sequence similarity. These genotypes spread across five divisions: Heterokontophyta, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Haptophyta and Dinophyta. Diatoms were the most abundant group (193 strains), mostly represented by the genera Chaetoceros and Attheya. The genera Rhodomonas and Pyramimonas were the most abundant non-diatom nanoplankton strains, while Micromonas polaris dominated the picoplankton. Diversity at the class level was higher during the peak of the bloom. Potentially new species were isolated, in particular within the genera Navicula, Nitzschia, Coscinodiscus, Thalassiosira, Pyramimonas, Mantoniella and Isochrysis.},
	keywords = {RCC5197, RCC5198, RCC5199, RCC5200, RCC5201, RCC5202, RCC5203, RCC5204, RCC5205, RCC5206, RCC5207, RCC5208, RCC5209, RCC5210, RCC5211, RCC5212, RCC5213, RCC5214, RCC5215, RCC5216, RCC5217, RCC5218, RCC5219, RCC5220, RCC5221, RCC5222, RCC5223, RCC5224, RCC5225, RCC5226, RCC5227, RCC5228, RCC5229, RCC5230, RCC5231, RCC5232, RCC5233, RCC5234, RCC5235, RCC5236, RCC5237, RCC5238, RCC5239, RCC5240, RCC5241, RCC5242, RCC5243, RCC5244, RCC5245, RCC5246, RCC5247, RCC5248, RCC5249, RCC5250, RCC5251, RCC5252, RCC5253, RCC5254, RCC5255, RCC5256, RCC5257, RCC5258, RCC5259, RCC5260, RCC5261, RCC5262, RCC5263, RCC5264, RCC5265, RCC5266, RCC5267, RCC5268, RCC5269, RCC5270, RCC5271, RCC5272, RCC5273, RCC5274, RCC5275, RCC5276, RCC5277, RCC5278, RCC5279, RCC5280, RCC5281, RCC5282, RCC5283, RCC5284, RCC5285, RCC5286, RCC5287, RCC5288, RCC5289, RCC5290, RCC5291, RCC5292, RCC5293, RCC5294, RCC5295, RCC5296, RCC5297, RCC5298, RCC5299, RCC5300, RCC5301, RCC5302, RCC5303, RCC5304, RCC5305, RCC5306, RCC5307, RCC5308, RCC5309, RCC5310, RCC5311, RCC5312, RCC5313, RCC5314, RCC5315, RCC5316, RCC5317, RCC5318, RCC5319, RCC5320, RCC5321, RCC5322, RCC5323, RCC5324, RCC5325, RCC5326, RCC5327, RCC5328, RCC5329, RCC5330, RCC5331, RCC5332, RCC5333, RCC5334, RCC5335, RCC5336, RCC5337, RCC5338, RCC5339, RCC5340, RCC5341, RCC5342, RCC5343, RCC5344, RCC5345, RCC5346, RCC5347, RCC5348, RCC5349, RCC5350, RCC5351, RCC5352, RCC5353, RCC5354, RCC5355, RCC5356, RCC5357, RCC5358, RCC5359, RCC5360, RCC5361, RCC5362, RCC5363, RCC5364, RCC5365, RCC5366, RCC5367, RCC5368, RCC5369, RCC5370, RCC5371, RCC5372, RCC5373, RCC5374, RCC5375, RCC5376, RCC5377, RCC5378, RCC5379, RCC5380, RCC5381, RCC5382, RCC5383, RCC5384, RCC5385, RCC5386, RCC5387, RCC5388, RCC5389, RCC5390, RCC5391, RCC5392, RCC5393, RCC5394, RCC5395, RCC5396, RCC5397, RCC5398, RCC5399, RCC5400, RCC5401, RCC5402, RCC5403, RCC5404, RCC5405, RCC5406, RCC5407, RCC5408, RCC5409, RCC5410, RCC5411, RCC5412, RCC5413, RCC5414, RCC5415, RCC5416, RCC5417, RCC5418, RCC5419, RCC5420, RCC5421, RCC5422, RCC5423, RCC5424, RCC5425, RCC5426, RCC5427, RCC5428, RCC5429, RCC5430, RCC5431, RCC5432, RCC5433, RCC5434, RCC5435, RCC5436, RCC5437, RCC5438, RCC5439, RCC5440, RCC5441, RCC5442, RCC5443, RCC5444, RCC5445, RCC5446, RCC5447, RCC5448, RCC5449, RCC5450, RCC5451, RCC5452, RCC5453, RCC5454, RCC5455, RCC5456, RCC5457, RCC5458, RCC5459, RCC5460, RCC5461, RCC5462, RCC5463, RCC5464, RCC5465, RCC5466, RCC5467, RCC5468, RCC5469, RCC5470, RCC5471, RCC5472, RCC5473, RCC5474, RCC5475, RCC5476, RCC5477, RCC5478, RCC5479, RCC5480, RCC5481, RCC5482, RCC5483, RCC5484, RCC5485, RCC5486, RCC5487, RCC5488, RCC5489, RCC5490, RCC5491, RCC5492, RCC5493, RCC5494, RCC5495, RCC5496, RCC5497, RCC5498, RCC5499, RCC5500, RCC5501, RCC5502, RCC5503, RCC5504, RCC5505, RCC5506, RCC5507, RCC5508, RCC5509, RCC5510, RCC5511, RCC5512, RCC5513, RCC5514, RCC5515, RCC5516, RCC5517, RCC5518, RCC5519, RCC5520, RCC5521, RCC5522, RCC5523, RCC5524, RCC5525, RCC5526, RCC5527, RCC5528, RCC5529, RCC5530, RCC5531, RCC5532, RCC5533, RCC5534, RCC5535, RCC5536, RCC5537, RCC5538, RCC5539, RCC5540, RCC5541, RCC5542, RCC5543, RCC5544, RCC5545, RCC5546, RCC5547, RCC5548, RCC5549, RCC5550, RCC5551, RCC5552, RCC5553, RCC5554, RCC5555, RCC5556, RCC5557, RCC5558, RCC5559, RCC5560, RCC5561, RCC5562, RCC5563, RCC5564, RCC5565, RCC5566, RCC5567, RCC5568, RCC5569, RCC5570, RCC5571, RCC5572, RCC5573, RCC5574, RCC5575, RCC5576, RCC5577, RCC5578, RCC5579, RCC5580, RCC5581, RCC5582, RCC5583, RCC5584, RCC5585, RCC5586, RCC5587, RCC5588, RCC5589, RCC5590, RCC5591, RCC5592, RCC5593, RCC5594, RCC5595, RCC5596, RCC5597, RCC5598, RCC5599, RCC5600, RCC5601, RCC5602, RCC5603, RCC5604, RCC5605, RCC5606, RCC5607, RCC5608, RCC5609, RCC5610, RCC5611, RCC5612},
	issn = {2325-1026},
	doi = {10.1525/elementa.401},
	url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/642264v1 https://www.elementascience.org/article/10.1525/elementa.401/},
	author = {Ribeiro, Catherine G{\'e}rikas and dos Santos, Adriana Lopes and Gourvil, Priscillia and Le Gall, Florence and Marie, Dominique and Tragin, Margot and Probert, Ian and Vaulot, Daniel}
}
@article {Reid2011,
	title = {Coccolithophores: Functional biodiversity, enzymes and bioprospecting},
	journal = {Marine Drugs},
	volume = {9},
	number = {4},
	year = {2011},
	note = {tex.mendeley-tags: 2011,rcc},
	pages = {586{\textendash}602},
	keywords = {2011, rcc, SBR$_\textrmP$hyto$_\textrmE$PPO},
	doi = {10.3390/md9040586},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/4/586/},
	author = {Reid, Emma L and Worthy, Charlotte A and Probert, Ian and Ali, Sohail T and Love, John and Napier, Johnathan and Littlechild, Jenny A and Somerfield, Paul J and Allen, Michael J}
}
@article {Frada2008,
	title = {The {\textquotedblleft}Cheshire Cat{\textquotedblright} escape strategy of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in response to viral infection},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2008},
	note = {tex.mendeley-tags: 2008,rcc,sbr?hyto?ppo},
	pages = {15944{\textendash}15949},
	abstract = {The coccolithophore is one of the most successful eukaryotes in modern oceans. The two phases in its haplodiploid life cycle exhibit radically different phenotypes. The diploid calcified phase forms extensive blooms, which profoundly impact global biogeochemical equilibria. By contrast, the ecological role of the noncalcified haploid phase has been completely overlooked. Giant phycodnaviruses ( viruses, EhVs) have been shown to infect and lyse diploid-phase cells and to be heavily implicated in the regulation of populations and the termination of blooms. Here, we demonstrate that the haploid phase of is unrecognizable and therefore resistant to EhVs that kill the diploid phase. We further show that exposure of diploid to EhVs induces transition to the haploid phase. Thus we have clearly demonstrated a drastic difference in viral susceptibility between life cycle stages with different ploidy levels in a unicellular eukaryote. Resistance of the haploid phase of provides an escape mechanism that involves separation of meiosis from sexual fusion in time, thus ensuring that genes of dominant diploid clones are passed on to the next generation in a virus-free environment. These {\^a}{\texteuro}{\oe}Cheshire Cat{\^a}{\texteuro} ecological dynamics release host evolution from pathogen pressure and thus can be seen as an opposite force to a classic {\^a}{\texteuro}{\oe}Red Queen{\^a}{\texteuro} coevolutionary arms race. In , this phenomenon can account for the fact that the selective balance is tilted toward the boom-and-bust scenario of optimization of both growth rates of calcifying cells and infectivity of EhVs.},
	keywords = {2008, rcc, SBR$_\textrmP$hyto$_\textrmE$PPO, sbr?hyto?ppo},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0807707105},
	author = {Frada, Miguel and Probert, Ian and Allen, Michael J and Wilson, William H and de Vargas, Colomban}
}
