@article {zhang_intense_2022,
	title = {Intense blooms of Phaeocystis globosa in the South China Sea are caused by a unique {\textquotedblleft}giant-colony{\textquotedblright} ecotype},
	journal = {Harmful Algae},
	volume = {114},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {102227},
	abstract = {The haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa, an important causative agent of harmful algal blooms globally, exhibits varying morphological and physiological features and high genetic diversity, yet the relationship among these has never been elucidated. In this study, colony sizes and pigment profiles of 19 P. globosa isolates from the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans were determined. Genetic divergence of these strains was analyzed using the chloroplast rbcS-rpl27 intergenic spacer, a novel high-resolution molecular marker. Strains could be divided into four genetic clades based on these sequences, or two groups based on colony size and the identity of diagnostic pigments (19{\textquoteright}-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, hex-fuco, and 19{\textquoteright}-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, but-fuco). Three strains from the South China Sea (SCS), all belonging to the same genetic clade, have unique biological features in forming giant colonies and possessing but-fuco as their diagnostic pigment. Based on these findings, we propose that these SCS strains should be a unique {\textquotedblleft}giant-colony{\textquotedblright} ecotype of P. globosa. During the period 2016-2021, more than 1000 rbcS-rpl27 sequences were obtained from 16 P. globosa colony samples and 18 phytoplankton samples containing solitary P. globosa cells in the SCS. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that >95\% of the sequences from P. globosa colonies in the SCS were comprised of the {\textquotedblleft}giant-colony{\textquotedblright} ecotype, whereas the genetic diversity of solitary cells was much higher. Results demonstrated that intense blooms of P. globosa featuring giant colonies in the SCS were mainly caused by this giant-colony P. globosa ecotype.},
	keywords = {ecotype, genetic diversity, Giant colony, Marker pigment, RCC1736, RCC2055, RCC678, RCC736},
	issn = {1568-9883},
	doi = {10.1016/j.hal.2022.102227},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988322000555},
	author = {Zhang, Qing-Chun and Liu, Chao and Wang, Jin-Xiu and Kong, Fan-Zhou and Niu, Zhuang and Xiang, Ling and Yu, Ren-Cheng}
}
@article {zhang_development_2021,
	title = {Development of high-resolution chloroplast markers for intraspecific phylogeographic studies of Phaeocystis globosa},
	journal = {Journal of Oceanology and Limnology},
	volume = {39},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {508{\textendash}524},
	abstract = {Phaeocystis globosa is an important harmful algal bloom causative species distributing widely in temperate and tropical coastal waters in the world. The morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics are different among geographic strains, which can not be distinguished with nuclear ribosomal DNA markers at present. Therefore, the genetic distance and phylogeographic relationships of nuclear 28S rDNA D1{\textendash}D2 and ITS regions, and three chloroplast intergenic spacers (petN-trnS1, trnM1-psbA, and rbcS-rpl27) were analyzed and compared among 13 strains of P. globosa isolated from the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean in this study. In addition, the nucleotide polymorphisms of 28S rDNA D1{\textendash}D2, ITS, and rbcS-rpl27 regions were evaluated in two P. globosa strains. The various levels of nucleotide polymorphism were in the nuclear 28S rDNA D1{\textendash}D2 region and ITS region, but no polymorphism was in the chloroplast rbcS-rpl27 intergenic spacer. A reasonable intraspecific phylogeographic relationship was presented by rbcS-rpl27 intergenic spacer, which had the strongest distinction to geographic strains compared to those of 28S rDNA D1{\textendash}D2 and ITS regions. In the phylogenetic tree of rbcS-rpl27 intergenic spacer, the two strains from the North Sea of the Atlantic Ocean were divided firstly from the species of P. globosa, and then formed an independent clade, while the other Atlantic strains and all of Pacific strains joined up to build the other clade. It was implied that at least two genetically distant populations of P. globosa existed in the Atlantic coastal regions. This study provided a high-resolution chloroplast marker to analyze intraspecific phylogeographic populations of P. globosa, and preliminarily clarified the genetic relationships of the Pacific and Atlantic strains of P. globosa.},
	keywords = {RCC2055, RCC736},
	issn = {2096-5508, 2523-3521},
	doi = {10.1007/s00343-020-9304-5},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00343-020-9304-5},
	author = {Zhang, Qingchun and Niu, Zhuang and Wang, Jinxiu and Liu, Chao and Kong, Fanzhou and Hu, Xiaokun and Zhao, Jiayu and Yu, Rencheng}
}
